Nutrition in Animals

Exercise:

1). Fill in the blanks:

(a) The main steps of nutrition in humans are ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.

(b) The largest gland in the human body is the liver.

(d) The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called villi.

(e) Amoeba digests its food in the food vacuole.

2). Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:

(a) Digestion of starch starts in the stomach. (T/F)

(b) The tongue helps in mixing food with saliva. (T/F)

(d) The ruminants bring back swallowed grass into their mouth and chew it for some time. (T/F)

3). Tick (√) mark the correct answer in each of the following:

(a) Fat is completely digested in the

(i) stomach (ii) mouth (iii) small intestine (iv) large intestine

(b) Water from the undigested food is absorbed mainly in the

(i) stomach (ii) food pipe (iii) small intestine (iv) large intestine

4). Match the items of Column I with those given in Column II:

Column I Column II

Food components Product(s) of digestion

Carbohydrates Fatty acids and glycerol

Proteins Sugar

Fats Amino acids

Answers:

Food components Product(s) of digestion

Carbohydrates Sugar

Proteins Amino acids

Fats Fatty acids and glycerol

5). What are villi? What is their location and function?

The inner walls of the small intestine have thousands of finger-like outgrowths. These are called villi.

Location: inner walls of the intestine.

Function: The villi increase the surface area for absorption of the digested food.

6). Where is the bile produced? Which component of the food does it help to digest?

Bile is produced in the liver. The bile plays an important role in the digestion of fats.

7). Name the type of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants but not by humans. Give the reason also.

Cellulose is the carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants but not by humans. Ruminants have a large sac-like structure called Caecum between the oesophagus and the small intestine. The cellulose of the food is digested here by the action of certain bacteria which are not present in humans.

8). Why do we get instant energy from glucose?

Glucose can easily breakdown easily in the cell with the help of oxygen and gives carbon dioxide, water and energy.

9). Which part of the digestive canal is involved in:

(i) absorption of food small intestine.

(ii) chewing of food: mouth.

(iii) killing of bacteria: stomach.

(iv) complete digestion of food: small intestine.

(v) formation of faeces: large intestine.

10). Write one similarity and one difference between the nutrition in amoeba and human beings.

similarity

Amoeba

Human beings

Digestive juices are secreted into the

food vacuole. They act on the food and

break it down into simpler substances

The inner walls of stomach and small intestine secretes digestive juices. These juices convert complex substances of food into simpler substances.

difference

Amoeba

Human beings

Amoeba feeds on some microscopic

organisms. When it senses food, it

pushes out pseudopodia around the

food particle and engulfs it. The food

becomes trapped in a food vacuole

Human beings take food through mouth. The food gradually gets digested as it travels through different components of digestive system.

11). Match the items of Column I with suitable items in Column II

Column I Column II

(a) Salivary gland (i) Bile juice secretion

(b) Stomach (ii) Storage of undigested food

(d) Rectum (iv) Acid release

(e) Small intestine (v) Digestion is completed

(f) Large intestine (vi) Absorption of water

(vii) Release of faeces

Answers:

Column I Column II

(a) Salivary gland – Saliva secretion

(b) Stomach – Acid release

(d) Rectum – Storage of undigested food

(e) Small intestine – Digestion is completed

(f) Large intestine – Release of faeces

12). Label Fig. 2.11 of the digestive system.

Additional Questions:

True or false

1). The food components gradually get digested as food travels through the various compartments.

True.

2). Our teeth vary in appearance and perform different functions.

True.

3). Many animals including humans cannot digest cellulose.

True.

4). The liver increases the surface area for absorption of the digested food.

False.

5). The large intestine is wider and shorter than the small intestine.

True

6). The basic process of digestion of food and release of energy is different in all animals.

False.

Fill in the blanks

1). Plants can prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis.

2). Bees suck the nectar of the plants.

3). The swallowed food passes into the food pipe or oesophagus.

4). Large intestine is about 1.5 m long in length.

5). The grass is rich in cellulose, a type of carbohydrate.

6). The small intestine is highly coiled and is about 7.5 metres long.

Answer in short

1). Write the names of the components of the alimentary canal.

The alimentary canal can be divided into various compartments:

(1) the buccal cavity,

(2) food pipe or oesophagus,

(3) stomach,

(4) small intestine,

(5) large intestine ending in the rectum and

(6) the anus

2). What is the function of the saliva?

The saliva breaks down the starch into sugars.

3). Write the functions of the tongue?

We use our tongue for talking. Besides, it mixes saliva with the food during chewing and helps in swallowing food. We also taste food with our tongues.

4). Name the components of the alimentary canal?

The components of the alimentary canal are the buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and the anus.

5). Name the two sets of teeth.

The two sets of teeth are milk teeth and permanent teeth.

6). Write the names of different types of teeth.

The different types of teeth are molar, premolar, canine and incisor.

Define the following.

1). Digestion

The breakdown of complex components of food into simple substances is called digestion.

2). Ingestion

The process of taking the food into the body is called ingestion.

3). Absorption